Seven experts from both game and environmental areas were selected to review the designed guideline. The guideline consists of 13 game elements derived from previous studies.
Thus, the purpose of this study was to develop and verify a guideline of game design elements to assist game developers in developing a climate change game that can facilitate experiential learning on climate change based on the carbon cycle. Existing climate change games have been unable to improve the quality of knowledge on environmental issues due to the lack of contextualization of the carbon cycle. However, very few games focus on carbon cycle fundamentals that are directly related to climate change. The young generation tends to be avid gamers, thus serious games could be a suitable medium to increase climate change awareness in order to cultivate a better attitude towards nature among this group.
Recent studies have confirmed the failure of many climate communication efforts due to the one-directional transmission of information that has transformed the audience into passive consumers of information. Climate change can simply be defined as an increase in temperature, normally referred to as global warming.
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